Tuesday, 13 March 2018

Chiller - Chiller


Labels: Dirt Cult Records/Rock Star Records
Formats: Vinyl/Digital
Release Date: 02 Feb 2018

Tracklist:

1. Heretic
2. Monophonic
3. Offred
4. Strangers
5. The Void
6. Satisfied
7. Agony
8. Unanswered

Here's a cool new Canadian punk record. It was released in February via US label Dirt Cult Records and German label Rock Star Records. Chiller is a quartet from Moncton, New Brunswick and this (I think) is the band's first record. Chiller is a continuation of fellow Dirt Cult band Feral Trash. There's not a lot else I can say about this band apart from, if you like garage punk and good punk in general, this is for you.

Chiller’s take on garage punk seems to be dark like The Cure and menacing like early Alkaline Trio. Heretic is a great opener with lots of instrumental melody, clean vocals and attitude. The riffs that help make up Monophonic are catchy and add to a sound that’s retro and simple in approach but big on presence. Chiller makes use of dual male/female vocals and Offred reminds you that punk music is more rich and varied than more mainstream genres (though there’s still a long way to go in that sense). Chiller’s musical ability on Strangers is pushed to the fore as they add the occasional post-hardcore nuance to the song, while allowing it to be heavier and more raucous. Talking of raucous, The Void has all the energy of a riot grrrl punk song and the urgency to go with it. 

That urgency seems to be more obvious during the second half of the record and Satisfied carries on Chiller’s momentum with a great uptempo structure. Despite that party/pop-vibe there’s still an element of aching darkness hidden in the music’s depths. There are glimpses of 80s punk and pop throughout and none more so is this present than during penultimate son Agony. As with previous songs it doesn’t hang about too long. Chiller manages to achieve all that they want to in it’s short running time, which goes for the whole album as well. A subtle hint of old Westerns can be heard in the guitar work on album closer Unanswered, which is more simplified and restrained in it’s delivery to start with. Chiller opens up and lets the volume levels increase with a sing/shout-along chorus and full instrumental back-up that at times sound orchestral. This LP isn’t overblown or obtuse, it’s just filled with short and sharp punk songs that will easily catch the ear. Great stuff.

You can stream and buy a download of "Chiller" from Dirt Cult Records below:-




Physical LP copies can be purchased via the link below:-


Euro copies have sold out via Rock Star Records. Chiller also has limited copies but they have all gone too.

Monday, 12 March 2018

Murder Hollow - The Adept


Labels: Self-Released/Ramekuukkeli-Levyt
Formats: Digital/Tape
Release Date: 16 Feb 2018

Tracklist:

1. The Lover
2. The Alchemist
3. The Adept

March has been a bit slower than I'd hoped up to this point, but I've been sent some cool new releases in tape form so I'm going to take the opportunity to write about them (and some other releases) over the next week, starting tonight with this new release from Finnish doom/death band Murder Hollow. "The Adept" is the Tampere quartet's third release since their formation in 2013. It feature three songs and released digitally by the band and on tape by Finnish label Ramekuukkeli-Levyt last month. 

Finland and doom/death, two familiar bedfellows to this blog. Murder Hollow though is a new band to these ears and the sub-genre tag above isn’t necessarily as accurate as you;d think. EP opener The Lover starts with a drawn-out sampled noise intro that gives way to incredibly groovy bass and drum work. Both provide a funky tempo that carries on throughout the heavy verses, where the harsh vocals and driving guitars take centre stage. It’s really hard to describe adequately but imaging if (the instrumental section of) Rage Against The Machine suddenly decided to play doom metal and you’re about there. 

The Alchemist takes things in a more traditional direction with some cracking riffs that conjure images of both Grand Magus and Reverend Bizarre jamming at the same time. It’s got that despondent yet catchy dynamic that stops the listener from switching off, while Heikki’s vocals are suitably deathly. Murder Hollow strikes me as a very adept (excuse the pun) band with excellent song-writing skill. They close out with the EP’s title-track and just like the previous two songs, they’ve managed to make it sound different. It’s got a stoner/psych feel to it and yet it still fits into the EP without any continuation worries. It’s a great song to end on and there’s no let up in musicality or momentum. This is definitely a release that’ll hit you from nowhere and grab you attention instantly. If you doom/death with a different then Murder Hollow is your band.

You can stream and download "The Adept" via Murder Hollow's bandcamp page below:-




Physical tapes can be purchased from Ramekuukkeli-Levyt here - http://ramekuukkeli.nettisivu.org

Tuesday, 6 March 2018

Spectral Lore/Jute Gyte - Helian


Labels: I, Voidhanger Records
Formats: CD/Digital
Release Date: 19 Jan 2018

Tracklist: 

1. Jute Gyte - Helian
2. Spectral Lore - Helian

This new two-song split comes from Greek band Spectral Lore and the USA'a Jute Gyte. Both bands play extreme, atmospheric black metal of sorts and this release sees them both re-imagining the 1913 poem "Helian" by Austrian poet Georg Trakl. The split has been released via I, Voidhanger Records on both CD and digital platforms. Spectral Lore was created by sole-member Ayloss in 2005 and to date, the band has released four full-lengths and countless splits and EPs. Jute Gyte, also a one-piece and started by Adam Kalmbach, has released a vast number of full-lengths, splits and EPs. 

This record begins with Jute Gyte’s musical interpretation of Helian. Jute Gyte presents it in a droning, misery-drenched way. The main backbone of the song is doom-like bass/guitar and percussion, interspersed with harsh black metal vocals and organ-like synths. It varies in pace, with the fast sections becoming almost fit-inducing thanks to what sounds like a drum machine that’s set to warp speed. Experimentation is at the forefront of both Jute Gyte’s music and this song. The song is lengthy so thankfully the tempo and mood changes are at points that will maintain the interest of the listener, without turning them off due to it’s extremity. 

The soothing guitar that opens up Spectral Lore’s take on Helian is surely there to draw you into a false sense of security. It’s incredibly musical yet the sense of foreboding that filled the air during Jute Gyte’s song is still there and it’s not long before more feed-back drenched notes fill your ears. Again it’s doom-filled but more restrained as well. The spoken-word sample/vocals sit within the mix before giving way to rasping growls. At times it’s more introspective and relaxing (if I can say that), with less reliance on bold and extreme musical shifts. The song kind of splits in to two movements, as around ten minutes in there’s a very brief moment of silence. That silence gives way to riffy blackened doom, amongst the band’s atmospheric textures.

My futile attempt to write a synopsis of this record is plain to see. It has two very different sides to it though. One is bizarre and extreme, while the other is more insightful and relaxing (in a strange way). It’s a record that you’ll need to listen to yourself, to truly appreciate. Needless to say, it’s inspiring. 

You can stream "Helian" and purchase it on CD and digitally below:-



Monday, 5 March 2018

Demon Head - The Resistance 7"


Labels: The Sign Records
Formats: Vinyl/Digital
Release Date: 20 Apr 2018

Tracklist:-

1. The Resistance
2. Rivers Of Mars

This week is looking like it's going to be a busy one, so I've managed to steal some time this evening to have a sneaky listen to something that's due out in April. This is the latest 7" from Danish "Diabolic rock" band Demon Head. It's being released via The Sign Record on April 20th and it follows their full-length "Thunder On The Fields", which was released nearly twelve months ago. Demon Head plays a brand of rock/metal that's rooted in retro and psych, despite only being in existence since 2012.

There’s a lot of traditional heavy metal and doom that’s paying homage to the originators of the genre at the moment and I’m only really venturing into it for the first time. Demon Head are one band that’s capturing the essence of the 70s (and in some cases the 60s) to create a retro sound. The opening title-track to this 7” is quintessentially Scandinavian, with laid-back instrumentation and clean singing that brings to mind the likes of early-Reverend Bizarre and at times Black Sabbath. 

Where the title-track is actually pretty progressive, second song Rivers Of Mars is catchier and has an element of pop-sensibility nestling within it’s warming tones. Demon Head’s music is perfect for vinyl and this song encompasses that. It’s tempo and analog sound is infectious and the vocal melodies and guitar work are stellar, while the band’s intricacies disguise just how hummable it is. If you’re a fan of traditional heavy metal/doom that’s got charm and personality then Demon Head is a band you’re gonna want to pay close attention to.

You can stream the 7"s second song Rivers Of Mars below via Demon Head's bandcamp page:-



You can purchase a digital pre-order directly from their bandcamp page above, where you'll get one song now and the other when the 7" is officially released. 


Physical pre-orders have begun via The Sign Records here - http://freighttrain.se/sv/the-sign-record/

Saturday, 3 March 2018

Pozoga - Demo 2017


Labels: Self-Released/Distro-y Records
Formats: Vinyl(due out soon/Digital
Release Date: 02 Jul 2017

Tracklist:

1. Gone To The Dogs...
2. No Hay Futuro (RIP Cover)

Here's some new Irish crust punk to get you warmed up. Dublin's Pozoga released their first demo back in July of last year and it's now due for an imminent 7" release via Irish label Distro-y Records. The demo features two quick-fire tracks, including an original song and a cover of a song by Spanish band RIP. The quartet features members from different parts of the world.

This is noisy and fast crust punk. Gone To The Dogs… wastes no time in getting up to speed with a chaotic rhythm section, metallic riffs and semi-barked vox. It’s heavy hardcore with groove and no filler. Pozoga’s cover of No Hay Futuro (by RIP) takes things in a much heavier direction and the vocals are in Spanish too (I think), adding to the ferocity of the band’s delivery. 

The demo was mixed in 2016-17 by Ciaran Parnell and mastered by Pozoga’s guitarist Rudi, who’ve both done a great job of retaining the band’s dirty but exciting sound. Two songs, three minutes. Gnarly punk from a band that get straight to the point. 

You can stream Pozoga's demo and download it below:-



Distro-y Records have sent the 7" to press and you can keep up-to-date with order info here - https://distrotable.com/blogs/news

Tuesday, 27 February 2018

Arkheth - 12 Winter Moons Comes The Witches Brew


Labels: Transcending Obscurity Records
Formats: CD/Digital
Release Date: 20 Feb 2018

Tracklist:

1. Trismegistus
2. Dark Energy Equilibrium
3. Where Nameless Ghouls Weep
4. The Fool Who Persists In His Folly
5. A Place Under The Sun

With the snow falling outside, I felt it was better to stay cocooned in the warm embrace of black metal, though this isn't just any black metal. A glance at the cover art of the third full-length from Australia's Arkheth above should be able to convince you of that. The solo project from Orange, New South Wales released "12 Winter Moons Comes The Witches Brew" last week via growing extreme metal label Transcending Obscurity Records and it's the band's third in fifteen years. This album has garnered a lot of press attention recently but as always I approach in blind, without letting any reviews influence my writing.

It’s fun to delve into an album by a band that you genuinely have no preconceptions about. Arkheth is one such band and “12 Winter Moons…” is one such album. Opener Trismegistus is a rabid mix of both cold black metal and oddly uplifting instrumentation. There’s hints to the band’s earlier symphonic leanings during the opening verse, while the guitar work offers melody and there’s a saxophone adding an extra layer to the music. If Madness were to offer their brass section to an extreme metal band, this is pretty close to how the music would sound (and I mean that in the nicest way possible). The use of samples also helps to heap on atmosphere, which transports the song to another place. 

From the sublime opener, Arkheth moves on to the haunting rock ’n’ roll of Dark Energy Equilibrium. There’s plenty of experimentation with sounds and effects and it creates quite a backdrop. I know that the saxophone has been utilised by black metal bands already (Sigh, the band not the expression!) but here Arkheth uses it to compliment the quieter moments, while the off-kilter craziness is allowed to run free, led by the guitars. The percussion is deep in the mix too but that low-profile actually works better as it sounds more restrained. The weirdness continues on Where Nameless Ghouls Weep, which contains vocals that sound like wolf howls and like a none-to-drugged-up Marilyn Manson. The organ-like keyboard effects only make it stranger too. There are occasions of more straightforward metal in the song, but they are few and far between. That’s alright though as if you’re listening to this, then there’s high chance you’re beyond straightforward metal anyway. 

The Fool Who Persists In His Folly is a strange mix of the downright bizarre and the classical. In fact, I’m past even trying to describe what’s going on. You’ll need to listen to the full record to truly work that out. That’s not a criticism though, more of a nod to just how unique this album is. The album’s final number A Place Under The Sun is initially the restrained song that the album needed. I mean, there’s no way that Arkheth’s experimental madness could have kept pace for another song is there? Well the answer to that is…of course it could! After the song’s first half, which is filled with bleak black metal, Arkheth finishes with a lengthy saxophone led passage that leads into an equally lengthy full instrumental ending. It’s a great way to end to an album that’s completely out of left field yet also very compelling in it’s detail and abstract musicality. May your eyes and ears truly be opened. 

You can stream three of the album's five songs here:-



You can also buy it digitally and on cd from the bandcamp page above.

Monday, 26 February 2018

Eigenlicht - Self-Annihilating Consciousness


Labels: Gilead Media/I, Voidhanger Records
Formats: CD/Vinyl/Digital
Release Date: 16 Feb 2018

Tracklist:

1. There Lies Already The Shadow Of Annihilation
2. Hagia Sophia
3. Labrys
4. The Deifugal Force
5. Berserker

It's scary to think that it's almost been three years since I first featured Olympia (Washington, USA) black metal band Eigenlicht on here. How time flies! The quartet has recently released it's first full-length via both Gilead Media and I, Voidhanger Records. The 2015 EP "Sacral Regicide" was a mere hint at what the band could achieve on a larger format and finally they are given this chance by two fantastic labels. "Self-Annihilating Consciousness" is sprawled across both cd (I, Voidhanger Records) and 2 LP's, both hewn in gold or black wax (Gilead Media).

Eigenlicht has always been very adept at weaving atmosphere into their music. There Lies Already The Shadow Of Annihilation is a very short instrumental opener, featuring droning feedback and traditional flute melodies. Hagia Sofia is the record’s first long-player and initially it’s very doom-like. Again, it contains traditional instrumentation and it’s slow to build. When the vocals kick in, they’re low growls that remind you more of doom/death. They sit well amongst the atmospheric instrumentation but it’s only when the harsher and higher-pitched screams start that you realise there’s more to Eigenlicht than just slow, meandering heaviness. The clean singing is chant-like and haunting, and the band doesn’t believe in instant gratification for the listener, instead preferring to progress slowly and with musical touches that aren’t always present within black metal. It’s only towards the end of the song that they choose to unleash a more obvious black metal approach. 

I suppose that just calling this a black metal album is way off the mark, as it’s a lot more varied and experimental for that narrow classification, though Labrys appears more straightforward. It sounds more orchestral and majestic, which for a band that doesn’t call themselves a symphonic black metal band, is quite an achievement. The moments of off-kilter mayhem later in the song takes it in a completely different direction for a little while, though it never loses it’s musicality. Spacey keyboard ambience paints a subtly dramatic picture on Deifugal Force. It is heard over the guitars and at times is quire menacing. At around the two-minute mark it gives way to another bout of off-kilter guitar work and slow percussion. This is the record’s longest song and it definitely feels as though Eigenlicht has upped the experimental textures somewhat. It’s a glorious piece of music that is both harrowing and transfixing, even in it’s quietest moments. 

Ending with Berserker, Eigenlicht takes a slightly more laid back approach but there’s still a sense that they could flair up at any moment. Flair up they do, though only relatively briefly. Their black metal blueprint sounding as brilliant as ever. “Self-Annihilating Consciousness” is a record that may demand repeat listens, but one that will reward you with it’s enchanting and sprawling musical textures. Eigenlicht has certainly stepped it up on this full-length and are a band that stand out as one’s to pay close attention to. Great stuff. 

You can stream "Self-Annihilating Consciousness" and purchase it digitally via Eigenlicht's bandcamp page below:-



You can buy physical cd and vinyl copies from the releasing labels below:-


Thursday, 22 February 2018

Frequencies Deleted #2 - DSCORPR8S - Akashic Discrepancy (Mikey Ortega)


Labels: Self-Released
Formats: Digital Download
Release Date: 1/22/18

Tracklist: 
1. Fever Dream
2. Base Of Operations
3. Dark Times
4. Bug Powder, Bullet Breath
5. Rodent Claws
6. Seal of Gabriel

In sports, if you build of team with players who've won championships or awards for their performance, there's a good chance they are gonna have a dominant season. If you cast a movie with actors, directors, and writers who've won Oscars, you'll get a film that will do big at the box office. And when you get musicians from big established bands, then you're gonna get some killer tunes. In the experimental/noise scene, when you get a bunch of creative people with some fucked up imagination, you're gonna get something that's out there. And that's what DSCORPR8S brings to our innocent eardrums. The project features Jeremy Stilgenbauer of Small Forest, Verge Bliss of Dendera Bloodbath, and Zachary Paul (who has also collaborated with Dendera Bloodbath). What these three bring to us is “Akashic Discrepancy”. When I pressed play, it felt like I was in a French experimental film. And it's a trip I don't mind diving into.

"Akashic Discrepancy" opens up with Fever Dream. At first you think you're getting a n electronic dance track. Then out of nowhere, a sonic blast of distortion comes blaring out of your earbuds. Base of Operation sounds like an old-school video game that David Lynch came up with. As if Dig Dug took some high-level LSD, and started going to town on an Indian burial ground.  Bug Powder, Bullet Breath is one heavy track. For some reason, the image of a banshee coming right at you with a wrecking ball comes to mind. You can feel the sound just crushing your rib cage, and puncture your lungs. Seal of Gabriel is a perfect way to end “Akashic Discrepancy”. It's as if you're sitting in a field with a jack-in-the-box. Just cranking and cranking the rod. And right when the box pops, the ground starts rumbling. Fire falls from the sky and everything around you starts to disintegrate.

What gets DSCORPR8S rolling is that each member brings something to the project.  Jeremy brings that electronic sound, which at times can feel dreamy, but then takes you somewhere surreal. Verge brings here pedals, which makes DSCRPR8S a harsh noise juggernaut.  And then you got Zach, who's violin skills brings that avant-garde element to the sound. When you get creative minds together, you'll pretty much get something that's a crushing apocalyptic bliss. The soundscapes creates a World that feels like a Dystopian-Industrial graveyard. If you're a fan of these individual artist, then you're gonna dig what they brew up on “Akashic Discrepancy”.

You can purchase “Akashic Discrepancy” on Bandcamp and follow DSCORPR8S on Facebook in the links below.



Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/dscorpr8s/

Thanks again to Mikey for taking the time to write this. I hope you enjoy it. 

Tuesday, 20 February 2018

I Fight Bears - I Fight Bears


Labels: Self-Released
Formats: CD/Digital
Release Date: 16 Feb 2018

Tracklist:-

1. Hammers
2. Envision
3. Lost The Fight
4. Design & Purpose
5. Life Of One
6. Disposed
7. Trust
8. Exhale
9. Smoking Gun
10. System

Here's the debut self-titled album from Bridgend's I Fight Bears. Bridgend is the Welsh town that gave birth to two of the UK’s most well-known post-hardcore and metal bands, Funeral For A Friend and Bullet For My Valentine, so heavy music's pretty safe there already. I Fight Bears formed about two years ago and have been playing plenty of gigs in and around South Wales since. With their debut album, they're hoping to reach wider audiences with a sound that takes influence from some of modern metal's leading lights. 

“I Fight Bears” begins with loads of energy with opening song Hammers. They’ve got plenty of big instrumentation, harsh roars and clean vocals providing more than a nod to the bands that have influenced them. It’s a very polished start to the record. On Envision, I Fight Bears begin to show their more technical side, with more progressive song-writing and a scorching solo. They are pretty damn good at writing thrash inspired metal as well. Lost The Fight is testament to that with razor-sharp guitar and a grittiness that’s hard to miss, especially when the screams are at their peak. It reminds me of the modern European metal created by Stabbing The Drama-era Soilwork. 

One thing that this record does do as Design & Purpose rings out, is remind me of how much my own tastes in metal have changed over the years and how the constant search for unique takes on the genre have lead me away from bands like I Fight Bears. I’m not saying they’re bad, in fact far from it but I feel that their full potential is yet to be realised. That being said, Life Of One goes in a different direction and gathers elements of both post-hardcore and metal to create something that’s more melodic and soaring. It’s really enjoyable. As they launch into the second half of “I Fight Bears”, the more introspective side of the band are evident on Disposed, which again is a big soaring catchy number. There’s a more chaotic and raging vibe to Trust, especially in the verses and the dual-guitar melodies are cracking throughout. 

Exhale is the longest song on the record and again I Fight Bears fill it with thrashing metalcore-like sounds that make it impossible to sit still through. The comparisons to them and Killswitch Engage are made in their press release and on Smoking Gun, the comparison isn’t far off at all. It’s a real skill to be able to get the listeners full attention this close to the end of an album but I Fight Bears do so really well. This song has got everything that’s good about modern metal. Closing song System follows suit and gains momentum to help the record end on a massive high. “I Fight Bears” is both polished and precise and while that will help it appeal to a wider audience, there’s still room for I Fight Bears to raise the bar on future releases as they grow and mature as a band. The potential is most certainly there but they need to find their true sound. 

"I Fight Bears" is available digitally on all of the major outlets, though curiously not bandcamp as of yet.

You can watch the video for opening track and first single Hammers below:-



CD copies of the album can be purchased here - https://ifightbears.bandcamp.com/merch

Thursday, 15 February 2018

Marriage Material - Making The Worry Worth It Part 1 7"


Labels: Dirt Cult Records
Formats: Vinyl/Digital
Release Date: 23 Feb 2018

Tracklist:

1. What Can You Say
2. Left Me Waiting
3. Soggy Sock Town
4. Someone Else
5. Seasons (Live)

I'm making one of my rare forays into punk music this evening (I really need to make these  happen more often). This is the first 7" from Californian punks Marriage Material, with some of the songs taken from their 2017 demo. Its due for release via Portland, Oregon punk label Dirt Cult Records on February 23rd. The small bio about the release on Dirt Cult's bandcamp page says that the band shares a love for the likes of Hot Snakes and Toys That Kill (amongst others), so this should be cool.

It’s one of life’s joys listening to a new punk band in my opinion. Marriage Material is great. What Can You Say is both pop-like and dirty at the same time. The dirtiness comes from the garage-punk that’s rooted in the trio’s sound. It’s typically catchy and melodic. The songs aren’t long but are full of energy. Left Me Waiting reminds of Green Day before they ditched the Dookie-sound and went all commercial. Also, I get a sense of T.S.O.L too! I dread to think what Soggy Sock Town is all about, but it’s moodiness is palpable. It’s a little more chaotic but the lead riffs take it in a more surf-punk direction towards the end and I can certainly get behind that! 

The danceable drumming on Someone Else is more than matched by the rest of the trio, with yet more catchy guitar melodies and clean vocals. The closing song on this 7” is a great live version of their song Seasons. It captures their greasy punk-rock energy really well. It’s the most rock ’n’ roll they’ve sounded on this EP and its great. The constant cheering and whistling in the background tells you all you need to know. Marriage Material is making some really stonking sounds and this EP is a great introduction for people who’ve never heard them before. Let’s hope they find their way over to the UK at some point, as they’ll go down a treat. 

You can stream the 7" and buy it both digitally and on 7" from Dirt Cult Records below:-



Wednesday, 14 February 2018

Blooming Carrions - Sparkling Rotten Dreams Demo


Labels: Iron Bonehead Productions
Formats: Tape/Digital
Release Date: 14 Jul 17

Tracklist:

1. Crystalized Disembowelment
2. Oneiric Grave
3. Pulsating Black Pools

Normal service this evening, no Valentine's date for me. I thought I'd write about something that reflects my current mood towards another commercial "day" in our calendar. Cue Finnish death metal entity Blooming Carrions and last year's debut demo "Sparkling Rotten Dreams". Blooming Carrions was formed sometime in 2014 and released this debut via Iron Bonehead Productions last July. You won't find any social media pages or fan fair from Blooming Carrions. Solitude and music seem to be the preferred directions for sole member EvM. 

Blooming Carrions’ take on death metal is hellishly raw. The crazed drumming and low growls are joined by guitars riffs that slice though the mix on demo opener Crystalized Disembowelment. Amongst the intense noise there are moments on unearthly atmosphere and those moments are greeted with relief, as for the most part this is very claustrophobic and heavy. The driving guitar work is more apparent on Oneiric Grave, which powers along with chunkier riffs and a frenzied old-school spirit. 

The demo’s closing song is a thrashing menace. Pulsating Black Pools may cause involuntary head banging thanks to it’s raging tempo and constant cymbal crashes. It’s also pretty catchy if I dare say so. It’s not an easy listen and those with a leaning towards more extreme metal will definitely get more out of it, but “Sparking Rotten Dreams” has a great deal of musicality flowing through it and a genuine presence that a lot of solo projects miss. 

Stream and purchase " Sparkling Rotten Dreams" on tape and digitally below:-